Sep. 01, 2025
Residential and light commercial boilers serve as an alternative to forced air furnaces and heat pumps. Boiler heating systems require a distribution network that is installed during the construction phase of the project. Heated water is pumped through a piping grid, and thermal energy is released into the various rooms of the building during the recirculation process. In older systems, radiators, convectors and grilles are used to deliver heated air. Modern radiant heating applications employ the floor itself as a heat sink.
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When given a choice, most homeowners prefer radiant heat because the warmth is spread evenly throughout the building. The slow, even release of heat helps reduce drafts and eliminates annoying air noise.
Radiant Heat Generation
Most radiant heating systems use a boiler to heat water or a special liquid antifreeze. Older boilers used steam as a transfer mechanism, but steam generators were very noisy and inefficient. Unfortunately, older piping systems were not made to carry liquid, and the cost of re-piping an entire building can be cost prohibitive. While steam boilers are no longer utilized in new construction, later models offer better comfort, improved efficiency and lower noise levels.
Gas Boilers
Gas boilers are popular because of their simplicity and economical operation. Most residential neighborhoods have a natural gas infrastructure available to the surrounding offices and homes. The operating principles for gas and oil boilers are similar, but the design of the combustion chamber is less complex in a gas model.
When the thermostat is triggered, a valve in the boiler opens, and natural gas flows into the combustion chamber. An electronic ignition system ignites the gas, and the heat exchanger transfers the thermal heat energy to the water, which is circulated through the radiant heating coils or piping network.
Oil Boilers
In an oil hot water boiler, a pump draws heating oil from a storage tank and forces it through a fuel line. The oil enters a specially designed nozzle, and the pressure creates a fine mist that is sprayed into the combustion chamber. The atomized oil is mixed with air, and a spark from the ignition system ignites the resulting vapor. The hot gas flows through a series of tubes inside the heat exchanger, and the energy is transferred to another set of tubes containing water. When the thermostat engages, the heated water is circulated through pipes or coils and returns to the boiler to be reheated. The water continues to circulate until the interior of the building reaches the desired temperature.
Condensing Boilers
Condensing boilers provide the ultimate in efficient operation since they recover a portion of the energy that is usually lost during the venting process. A condensing boiler incorporates a second heat exchanger that extracts latent heat from the waste gas. Water vapor produced during the combustion stage is condensed back into a liquid and drained from the system. Condensing boilers are offered in efficiencies up to 98 percent.
Choosing an Oil or Gas Boiler
Since a boiler is the heart of every radiant heating system, it is important to select a model that provides excellent efficiency and durability. Most boiler purchasing decisions are based on the homeowner’s budget, local fuel availability and monthly operating costs. There are several important factors to consider before buying a new boiler including:
* Maintenance: Every HVAC equipment component requires regular service, but oil boilers are maintenance intensive when compared to their gas counterparts. Heating oil is a sticky liquid, and it tends to clog the injection nozzles over time. The combustion chamber must be cleaned frequently by a knowledgeable service technician who can remove the residue byproducts that accumulate during the burn cycle.
* Efficiency: Gas and oil boilers are rated according to the Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) standard. In general, gas fired boilers are more efficient than oil based boilers when measured at the same level of heat output. A higher AFUE rating indicates a more efficient unit.
During the selection process, it is helpful to check your local costs for both gas and fuel oil. In most areas of the country, natural gas is substantially cheaper than heating oil. However, there are certain regions where fuel oil is very competitive because of a large established user base. Energy costs are unpredictable, and the price of fuel can change rapidly in a short period of time.
* Storage and Conversion Costs: Fuel oil must be stored in a tank, which will eventually have to be replaced. Since this is an expensive process, many homeowners consider converting to natural gas when it is time to replace an aging oil boiler. The conversion process can be expensive, especially if a contaminated underground tank needs to be removed. If natural gas is available, the piping must be large enough to deliver enough gas to satisfy the BTU requirements of the new boiler.
Comfortable, Efficient Heat
Radiant heating systems provide controlled, comfortable and economical warmth that is distributed evenly through the entire indoor environment. A qualified heating contractor can explain the many benefits of a modern gas or oil boiler.
From how to choose a boiler for your home to how different boiler systems affect your heating costs, we’re here to guide you to worry-free warmth. After all, a happy home is a warm home.
Did you know that heating and cooling can account for half of your annual energy costs? That’s right, keeping comfy isn’t cheap. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, the average American household spends over $2,000 annually on energy bills, with heating accounting for a significant portion. But fear not. Choosing the right boiler for your home can help you save some serious dough while keeping Jack Frost at bay.
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Residential boiler systems work differently from forced-air systems like furnaces. Instead of heating air and blowing it through ducts, boilers heat water and circulate it through pipes to radiators or radiant floor systems. This method of heat distribution often results in more consistent warmth and can be more energy-efficient in many cases.
Boilers come in all shapes and sizes. Let’s break down the most common types as a part of our guide to choosing a new boiler:
Gas-fired boilers are some of the most efficient steam boilers on the market. But not every neighborhood has access to natural gas, so check your options before you fall in love. If natural gas is available in your area, it's often the most cost-effective fuel choice due to its relatively low price and high efficiency.
When natural gas plays hard to get, oil-fired boilers step up to the plate. If you buy an oil-fired boiler, you’ll need to have heating oil regularly delivered to your home. This heating oil must also be stored in tanks until needed. Just keep in mind that your wallet might feel the pinch when oil prices rise and impact your heating costs from year to year.
Electric boilers are super efficient, as they don't lose heat through venting. They're also compact, quiet, and don't produce emissions in your home. However, they might not be the most budget-friendly option. The operating costs of electric boilers can be higher in regions with expensive electricity rates, so it's essential to consider both the upfront cost and long-term operating expenses.
While less common in modern homes, the residential steam boiler still has its place, especially in older residences. These systems heat water until it turns to steam, which then rises through pipes to radiators throughout the home. When considering how to choose a boiler for your home, remember that steam boilers can be efficient and effective, but they often require more maintenance than hot water boilers.
When deciding what boiler is best for your home, consider the following factors: the boiler's size, venting requirements, and energy efficiency. This guide to choosing a new boiler will help you navigate these important considerations.
Want to save on heating costs? Choosing the right boiler for your home involves more than just crunching energy bill numbers. It's about finding the perfect balance between heating capacity and efficiency. Too small, and you’ll be left shivering. Too big, and you’ll be burning money.
Boiler capacity is measured in BTUs, which stands for British Thermal Units. To estimate BTU requirements for your home's interior spaces, use the following baselines for your calculations:
So, how much is a boiler for a 2,000-square-foot house? Let’s take a look:
Remember, these are ballpark figures. For a perfect fit, consult with a Pro who can assess your home's unique needs.
Residential boilers must be vented. If you have chimney access in a closed-in area of your home, you can locate your boiler there. However, if the boiler requires its own forced-air venting system, you will need to locate it in an open area of your home so it can gather air for venting purposes. Understanding venting requirements is crucial when learning how to choose a boiler for your home.
An EnergyStar rating on your boiler means it meets strict energy-efficiency guidelines set by the EPA and is therefore an energy-efficient boiler, saving you money. Look for an oil boiler with at least an 80 percent rating or a gas boiler that runs at 89 to 98 percent efficiency. Boilers that use electricity normally run at 100 percent efficiency because they lose no energy to venting. Electric boilers are an especially attractive option if you live in a region where electricity costs are low. Energy efficiency is a key factor in determining the best residential boilers for your needs.
In a standard boiler, some of the heat required to boil water and produce steam is lost as the fuel is burned and converted to energy. Modern, high-efficiency boilers have been designed to trap any escaping heat and direct it back into the boiler system itself.
Low-efficiency boilers tend to experience high levels of heat loss, requiring more fuel to do the work of an efficient system. Most boilers that are over 10 years old have efficiency ratings of just 50 to 70 percent. That means between 30 and 50 percent of the fuel used to heat your house is wasted. Besides saving on fuel costs, a high-efficiency boiler is also more environmentally friendly because it uses less fuel and creates less pollution.
The Federal Trade Commission requires that new boilers display their Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) rating so that consumers can adequately compare units. These boiler ratings are:
Understanding these ratings is crucial when determining how to choose a boiler for your home that meets your efficiency needs.
Even the best residential boilers need a little TLC. That’s where American Home Shield comes in. We’ve got your back with our comprehensive home warranty plans, including coverage for heating systems.
Why stress about unexpected breakdowns when you can be worry-free? Check out our heating system coverage and HVAC upgrade program to keep your home happy and warm.
Ready to boost your boiler know-how even further? Our residential boiler maintenance guide is packed with tips to keep your system running smoothly.
Remember, a well-chosen and well-maintained boiler is your ticket to worry-free warmth. So go ahead, toast that toasty home of yours. With American Home Shield, you can focus on living your best life while we take care of covered breakdowns. Now that's something to feel good about!
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