Air-to-Water Heat Pump: Monoblock vs Split – Pros and Cons

ATW Configurations Cost Analysis

Air to Water Heat Pump can be used to provide either Chilled Water or Hot Water and Pre-Heated DHW or Chilled Water and Hot Water and Pre-Heated DHW. In both cases price difference is driven by machine, glycol, pump and manpower individual prices.

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The above schematics depict the 2 most common installations of Air to Water Heat Pumps. The one on the left is for places where simultaneous Cooling / Heating is rare, so one tank with indirect coil is used to preheat DHW to temperatures as high as 130°F (or 55°C) and the other tank is used for either space heating or space cooling. In the schematic on the right, One indirect tank is used for DHW pre-heating and space heating and the other tank is dedicated for chilled water. 

When Heat Pump are used to serve largely Fenestrated Properties with a South and North Exposures, area beside the southern façade could have a cooling demand (even in mid-winter temperatures) and area beside the northern façade will have a heating demand.

CONCLUSION

The technology powering Bosch’s heat pumps is based on the same principle as a refrigerator – but in reverse. While a refrigerator removes warm air from its interior to lower the temperature, a heat pump channels external energy into its interior. The source of this energy depends on the model of heat pump – it could be outside air, groundwater, or earth, for instance – but the key thing is that they are all freely available.

However, no matter which specific heat source it uses, every heat pump operates using the same four-stage process, which sees a liquid refrigerant evaporated, compressed, condensed, and expanded in a continuous cycle. This cycle makes it possible to raise the temperature of low-temperature heat to a level where it is usable. The heat pump only needs electricity to do this — and it is highly efficient. Let us take a closer look at the process:

Air-to-water heat pumps from Bosch extract heat from the ambient air drawn into them. It uses one kilowatt-hour of electricity to produce many times that amount of thermal energy. In this way, new and renovated buildings can be fully heated all year round and hot water can be reliably provided without the need for an additional heating system.

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An air-to-water heat pump can be installed both inside the building with a connection to the outside and outside the building directly on the building wall. In addition, it can not only provide heat, but also provide efficient cooling in the summer.

Air-to-water heat pumps are available either as a monobloc heat pump, where all the technical components are located within one unit, or as a split heat pump, where the process takes place in two separate units. Both systems work on the same principle, only the construction is different.

Also known as geothermal heat pumps, brine-to-water heat pumps — to give them their correct name — use an environmentally harmless salt-water mixture (brine) as a heat transfer fluid, meaning they tap the earth as an energy source. This requires earth collectors or probes that are connected to the heat pump. The earth collectors are buried one to two meters deep in the ground and use the heat near the surface, while the probes reach up to 100 meters deep and tap into deep heat. A major advantage of brine-to-water heat pumps is that they can be used for cooling in the summer. In “reverse mode”, the system dissipates heat into the cool ground. The temperature gradient eliminates the need for compression. The result is efficient and economical air conditioning that regenerates the ground through heat dissipation.

A water-to-water heat pump — or groundwater heat pump — extracts thermal energy from groundwater by means of two wells. The temperature of the groundwater is largely constant throughout the year, so the heat pump provides high heating output in both summer and winter. This makes water-to-water heat pumps the most efficient heat pump heating systems. They are, however, somewhat more complicated to install. This is because these systems need two wells with a drilling depth of at least five meters and a distance between them of at least 15 meters — a suction well, which extracts the groundwater, and an absorption well, which releases the water used.

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