Aug. 04, 2025
Mechanical Parts & Fabrication Services
Our disc spring fabrication is subject to exacting manufacturing and quality control standards. Materials used are generally in annealed condition and hardened to within a range of Rc 44-51 depending on material thickness. The standard material for Century Spring’s disc springs is high carbon C- for general use at room temperature. All discs are preset so that they will not significantly relax under load over time.
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Disc springs are used singly or in stacks to achieve a desired load and travel. In general, they function best under conditions requiring very high load in confined space or short travel. Under these constraints, it is often not practical or even possible to use a coil spring.
Century Spring also offers pre-stressed disc springs specifically sized for use with bolts (see part numbers beginning with “CDS”). The primary function of the disc in this application is to create a constant bolt load in bolted assemblies. Load compensation for differential expansion due to heat or dissimilar metals such as electrical connection bolting, or in wear situations, or when “torque- setting” is required are good examples of disc spring use.
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As a means of increasing the deflection or the load, disc springs can be used in series or parallel, or in a combination of series and parallel as shown in the figures on on the right. Deflection for a stack in series of identical discs is equal to the number of discs multiplied by the deflection of one, while the load is equal to the load carried by one disc. When the discs with an h/t ratio greater than 1.3 are used in a stack, the loaddeflection curve will be erratic as some discs will invert through the flat position.
In disc spring stacks, particularly those with parallel units, friction should be considered. Sliding friction is created at the disc’s adjoining, moving surfaces. As a result, the deflection which occurs when loading a stack of discs will lag as the stack is unloaded (hysteresis). This characteristic may be taken advantage of in shock or oscillatory loaded systems needing damping.
Disc spring is named for its shape like a bowl or dish. It is composed of four parameters, which include outer diameter (D), inner diameter (d), thickness (t) and height (H). It is a washer type spring with truncated conical section made of metal sheet or forging blank.
The disc spring is a conical annular disc bearing axial load. Generally, the disc thickness is constant, and the load is evenly distributed on the inner edge of the upper surface and the outer edge of the lower surface. It is made of spring steel, which can withstand static load, impact load or dynamic alternating load and can meet the strict requirements of fatigue life.
Disc spring can be divided into anti-loose disc spring, high-temperature preloaded disc spring, high-torque preloaded disc spring and buffered tension disc spring, according to its applications.
It can be applied to bolts with not too large load but severe vibration. Anti-loose disc spring can effectively prevent bolts from loosening and reversing. It can play the locking function, compensating the preload, and ensure the lasting and reliable sealing. It has good versatility for bolts and equipment.
It is applicable to bolt preloading of various flanges under high temperature environment, various pipe flanges, valves and heat exchangers. It is used for pre-tightening of flange bolts of reaction kettle, agitator, pump, centrifuge, etc. High-temperature preloaded disc spring is especially used at bolted joints with temperature difference of more than 100°C.
The high torque preloading disc spring is applied to the occasions of large load and high torque. It is used for pre-tightening of valve and pipe flange bolts. It is used for the pre-tightening of anchor bolts and flanges of fans, pumps and centrifuges, heat exchanger, reactor and agitator, generator, pipe support and hanger device,various other engineering applications of buffer device, brake device, high-voltage cable compensation device and other equipment.
The buffer tension disc spring is widely used in large equipment of various industries, such as brakes, safety overload devices, mechanical starters, industrial furnaces, clutches, molds, etc.
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Compared with other types of springs, the deformation energy per unit volume of disc springs is larger. It has good cushioning and shock absorption capacity, especially when the composite combination is used, the effect of absorbing impact and dissipating energy is more significant due to the effect of surface friction resistance.
By changing the ratio of the height of the inner cone in the disc to the thickness of the disc, different spring characteristic curves can be obtained, which can be linear, incremental, decreasing or their combination. In addition, the variable stiffness characteristics can also be obtained by different combinations of discs with different thickness or different number of discs.
Different bearing capacity can be obtained by changing the number of discs or the combination form of discs, so each size of disc can adapt to a wide range of applications, which makes the preparation and management of spare parts easier.
The disc spring correctly designed and manufactured, has a long service life.
Because of these advantages, disc springs are often used as strong cushioning and shock absorption devices in heavy machinery, aircraft, artillery and other machinery or weapons. It is also a pressing device in clutch, safety valve, pressure reducing valve, etc.
The main design parameters of the disc spring in use include load size, load characteristics, corrosivity of the medium, working temperature, pressure pulse increment during preload failure, preload deformation allowed by the equipment to resist damage.
The specific dimension elements of each product are specified in international standards. Main dimensions include outer diameter D, inner diameter d, thickness t, free height H, etc.
According to the working characteristics and material characteristics, the disc spring is mainly divided into four temperature ranges: normal temperature, 150°C, 300°C and 600°C.
The working state of the equipment, such as pre-tightening, stroke, vibration, pulse pressure frequency, frequency spectrum, pre-tightening force and other factors.
The working environment often has clear requirements for the selection of disc springs. The main factors include the corrosivity of the medium, PH value, etc.
Different working pressure of pipes will produce different pulse pressure and thermal expansion and contraction, so it is necessary to judge the selection scheme of disc spring.
Disc spring is used more and more widely, with its high permanence. It has the advantages of , small deformation, large loading capacity, high spatial utilization rate, low maintenance and long service life.
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