Building codes typically mandate a minimum anchor bolt diameter of 1/2 inch, with a required embedment of at least 7 inches into masonry or concrete, not to exceed 6 inches between bolts. Specifically, at least one bolt must be positioned no further than 12 inches from the end of a wall, with a minimum requirement of two bolts for each plate. (Refer to R403.1.8)

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When considering installations in seismic zones or areas prone to high winds, these requirements evolve.

Building codes stipulate edge distances for bolts, which differ according to bolt size:

1. 1/4 inch = 1 1/2 inches
2. 1/2 inch = 2 1/2 inches
3. 5/8 inch = 3 inches

The distances above are applicable to standard grade concrete. If utilizing high-strength concrete, these edge distances can be reduced. (See ICC Chapter 19, Table .2)
In typical practice, J-bolts are installed following the pouring of the foundation wall. This approach ensures a flat surface for the sole plate, allowing the bolts to be carefully positioned into the concrete, where they can be twisted to secure under the top horizontal rebar that should ideally be 3 inches from the wall’s top. For regions vulnerable to high winds or seismic activity, a requirement has been established mandating the use of 10-inch anchor bolts accompanied by 3-inch square washers.

Technical Info

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