Broccoli Powder is gaining popularity as a versatile and nutrient-dense superfood. Packed with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, it offers numerous health benefits and can be easily incorporated into various dishes. However, with many brands and types available, choosing the right Broccoli powder can be daunting. This ultimate buyer's guide will help you navigate the options and make an informed decision.

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1. Understand the Benefits of Broccoli Powder

Before diving into the purchasing process, it’s essential to understand why broccoli powder is beneficial.

• Rich in Nutrients: Broccoli powder is loaded with essential vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, vitamin K, folate, and potassium. It also contains fiber and various antioxidants that support overall health.
• Supports Detoxification: The sulforaphane in broccoli powder helps enhance the body’s detoxification processes, aiding in the elimination of toxins and potentially harmful substances.
• Boosts Immunity: The high levels of vitamin C and other antioxidants in broccoli powder can strengthen the immune system, helping to protect against illnesses.
• Promotes Digestive Health: The fiber content in broccoli powder supports healthy digestion and helps maintain regular bowel movements。

Broccoli Powder

2. Check the Ingredient List

When purchasing broccoli powder, it’s crucial to check the ingredient list for purity and quality.

• 100% Pure Broccoli: Ensure that the product contains only 100% pure broccoli powder without any additives, fillers, or artificial ingredients.
• Organic Certification: Look for organic broccoli powder to ensure that it’s free from pesticides, herbicides, and other harmful chemicals.
• Non-GMO: Opt for non-GMO broccoli powder to avoid genetically modified organisms and ensure a more natural product.

3. Consider the Processing Method

The processing method used to create broccoli powder can significantly impact its nutritional value and quality.

• Freeze-Dried: Freeze-drying is considered the best method for preserving the nutrients in broccoli. It involves freezing the broccoli and then removing the moisture under low pressure, retaining most of the vitamins and minerals.
• Air-Dried: Air-drying is another common method that involves drying the broccoli at low temperatures. While it preserves some nutrients, it may result in a slight loss of vitamins and minerals compared to freeze-drying.
• Spray-Dried: Spray-drying involves spraying a liquid form of broccoli into a hot chamber to quickly evaporate the moisture. This method may lead to more significant nutrient loss compared to freeze-drying and air-drying.

4. Evaluate the Brand Reputation

Choosing a reputable brand is crucial to ensure you get a high-quality product.

• Research the Brand: Look for brands with a good reputation and positive customer reviews. Check if they have a history of providing high-quality, pure, and organic products.
• Certifications and Testing: Ensure that the brand follows strict quality control measures and has third-party certifications or lab testing results available. This ensures the product’s purity and potency.
• Transparent Labeling: Choose brands that provide clear and detailed information about their product, including the source of the broccoli, processing method, and nutritional content.

5. Determine the Price and Value

While price is an important factor, it shouldn’t be the sole determinant when purchasing broccoli powder.

• Compare Prices: Compare prices across different brands and products, keeping in mind that higher quality and organic products may cost more.
• Evaluate Value: Consider the price per serving and the nutritional value offered by the product. Sometimes, paying a bit more for a higher-quality product can be more cost-effective in the long run.
• Bulk Purchasing: Buying in bulk can often save money. Look for larger packages or bulk options if you plan to use broccoli powder regularly.

Questions and Answers

Q: How do I store broccoli powder to maintain its freshness?

A: Store broccoli powder in an airtight container in a cool, dark place, such as a pantry or cupboard. Avoid exposure to heat, light, and moisture to preserve its nutritional value and prevent spoilage.

Q: How can I use broccoli powder in my daily diet?

A: Broccoli powder can be easily incorporated into smoothies, soups, sauces, and baked goods. You can also sprinkle it over salads, pasta, or rice dishes for an added nutritional boost.

Q: Is broccoli powder safe for everyone to consume?

A: Broccoli powder is generally safe for most people. However, individuals with certain health conditions or allergies should consult with a healthcare professional before adding it to their diet. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should also seek medical advice before use.

Conclusion

Broccoli powder is a nutrient-rich superfood that can offer numerous health benefits when incorporated into your daily diet. By understanding its benefits, checking the ingredient list, considering the processing method, evaluating brand reputation, and determining the price and value, you can make an informed decision when purchasing broccoli powder. With the right product, you can enjoy the nutritional advantages of broccoli in a convenient and versatile form.

Complete Guide to Broccoli Seed Extract Supplements

By The Pure TheraPro Team ×

The Pure TheraPro Team

The Pure TheraPro Education Team is comprised of researchers from diverse backgrounds including nutrition, functional medicine, fitness, supplement formulation & food science. All articles have been reviewed for content, accuracy, and compliance by a holistic integrative nutritionist certified by an accredited institution. Published August 7, Last updated for accuracy August 7,

Broccoli seed extract is not a recent discovery. It has been utilized in traditional medicine and scientific research for its promising effects on health. Interest in this extract has surged as studies increasingly highlight its role in combating oxidative stress and supporting healthy levels of inflammation, thus promoting overall well-being.

Broccoli seed extract distinguishes itself in the realm of nutritional supplements due to its unique composition and potential health benefits. Unlike many other supplements, broccoli seed extract is rich in Sulforaphane, a compound known for its antioxidant properties. This makes it particularly valuable for supporting the body's natural defense mechanisms and promoting healthy cellular function. By incorporating broccoli seed extract into your health regimen, you can harness its benefits for detoxification, cardiovascular health, and overall well-being.

Understanding Broccoli Seed Extract and Related Supplements

What is Broccoli Seed Extract?

Broccoli seed extract is a dietary supplement derived from the seeds of the broccoli plant. It is valued for its concentration of bioactive compounds that contribute to its health benefits. The primary components of broccoli seed extract include sulforaphane, glucoraphanin, and myrosinase.

Sulforaphane is a key phytochemical. It is produced when glucoraphanin, another compound present in broccoli seeds, is converted by the enzyme myrosinase. This conversion typically occurs during digestion. 

However, it is crucial to differentiate between active sulforaphane and "sulforaphane glucosinolate" (glucoraphanin). Sulforaphane glucosinolate is often marketed misleadingly as active sulforaphane. The latter is the true bioactive form, resulting from the breakdown of glucoraphanin in the gut. Dishonest companies may exploit this confusion, promoting glucoraphanin as a direct source of sulforaphane, when in fact, it requires enzymatic conversion to become active.

Related Supplements

Broccoli Sprout Supplement

Broccoli sprout supplements are made from the young seedlings of the broccoli plant, which are also rich in sulforaphane and other beneficial compounds. While similar to broccoli seed extract in their health benefits, broccoli sprouts are often considered to provide a more concentrated dose of sulforaphane due to their high levels of glucoraphanin. However, the efficacy of these supplements can vary based on preparation and dosage.

Broccoli Extract

Broccoli extract, typically derived from the mature broccoli plant, contains a broader spectrum of nutrients compared to broccoli seed extract. While it includes sulforaphane, its levels are generally lower than in seed extracts or sprouts. Broccoli extract offers a wider array of vitamins and minerals, but may not provide the same concentrated benefits of sulforaphane as seen in seed extracts.

Radish Supplement and Radish Extract

Radish supplements, including radish seed and radish root extracts, are sometimes used in conjunction with broccoli seed extract for their synergistic effects. Radishes contain myrosinase, the enzyme crucial for converting glucoraphanin to sulforaphane. Companies that use precision-bred radish varieties and horseradish ensure higher myrosinase content, which enhances the potency and effectiveness of their extracts. These supplements can complement broccoli seed extract by providing additional enzyme activity and nutritional support.

How Broccoli Seed Extract is Made

The production of broccoli seed extract involves several key steps to ensure its potency and quality. The process typically starts with sourcing high-quality broccoli seeds that have been specifically bred for high sulforaphane content. These seeds are then subjected to an extraction process, which often involves water or alcohol to isolate the active compounds.

Quality control is crucial in this process. Reputable manufacturers employ rigorous testing to confirm the concentration of sulforaphane and other key components. Additionally, they ensure that the extraction process preserves the bioactivity of the compounds, which is essential for the supplement’s efficacy.

Top companies in the industry focus on using broccoli varieties that have been precision bred to maximize sulforaphane levels, ensuring that their extracts are both potent and effective. This thorough attention to sourcing and production is what distinguishes high-quality supplements from those of lower potency or dubious origin.

Key Compounds in Broccoli Seed Extract

What is Sulforaphane?

Sulforaphane is a potent isothiocyanate derived from broccoli seeds. It is renowned for its significant health benefits. Unlike other compounds, sulforaphane is not directly present in broccoli seeds but is formed from its precursor, glucoraphanin, through enzymatic conversion.

Mechanism of Action and Potential Health Benefits

• Supporting Immune Function: Sulforaphane supports immune function by activating the body’s defense mechanisms. It supports immune cells like macrophages and T-cells, improving their ability to identify and combat pathogens. Sulforaphane achieves this by modulating cellular pathways such as the NF-kB signaling pathway, which regulates the production of inflammatory cytokines. This modulation helps the immune system respond effectively to infections and reduces excessive inflammatory responses.
• Supporting a Healthy Inflammatory Response: Sulforaphane helps maintain a balanced inflammatory response by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. It targets enzymes like cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase, which are involved in the inflammatory process. By reducing the activity of these enzymes, sulforaphane helps prevent chronic inflammation, which is associated with various health conditions.
• Neutralizing Free Radicals: As a powerful antioxidant, sulforaphane enhances the body’s ability to neutralize free radicals—unstable molecules that cause oxidative stress and cellular damage. Sulforaphane boosts the production of endogenous antioxidants, such as glutathione S-transferase, which helps scavenge and neutralize free radicals. This reduces oxidative stress and protects cells from damage.

Bioavailability and Factors Affecting Absorption

Sulforaphane’s bioavailability is closely linked to its conversion from glucoraphanin, a process that requires the enzyme myrosinase. This conversion occurs primarily in the digestive tract. Effective conversion depends on the presence of myrosinase and the preparation of the broccoli or broccoli seed products.

• Presence of Myrosinase: For optimal conversion, myrosinase must be active. This enzyme is either present in the broccoli or produced in the gut. If myrosinase is deactivated by cooking or processing, sulforaphane production will be reduced.
• Digestion Process: The conversion of glucoraphanin to sulforaphane begins early in digestion. However, the efficiency of this conversion can be influenced by individual digestive health and the presence of myrosinase.

Broccoli does not contain sulforaphane directly but contains glucoraphanin, which is converted to sulforaphane during chewing and digestion. Labels indicating “sulforaphane glucosinolate” refer to glucoraphanin, not active sulforaphane. This can be misleading for consumers.

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How to Obtain Sulforaphane?

1. Eating Broccoli Sprouts: Broccoli sprouts have much higher levels of glucoraphanin compared to mature broccoli. They are a potent source of sulforaphane but may be inconvenient to grow or purchase regularly.
2. Eating Uncooked or Lightly Steamed Broccoli Crowns: These contain lower levels of glucoraphanin than sprouts. Cooking, particularly boiling, destroys the myrosinase enzyme necessary for sulforaphane conversion.
3. Taking Stabilized Free Sulforaphane Supplements: One notable example is Prostaphane, developed in France and marketed in the USA under the brand name Broq. This supplement contains stabilized sulforaphane with approximately 80% bioavailability, meaning that if you consume 10 mg of Prostaphane, you effectively absorb about 8 mg of sulforaphane.
4. Taking Supplements with High Quantities of Glucoraphanin and Myrosinase: These supplements combine glucoraphanin with myrosinase to enhance sulforaphane bioavailability, typically around 30%. For instance, 100 mg of glucoraphanin can convert to approximately 30 mg of sulforaphane in the body. As we’ve mentioned before, supplements that only list “sulforaphane glucosinolate” may be misleading, as they do not provide accurate information about the actual glucoraphanin content or its potential conversion to sulforaphane.

Glucoraphanin and Myrosinase

Role of Glucoraphanin as a Precursor to Sulforaphane

Glucoraphanin is a glucosinolate present in broccoli seeds and other cruciferous vegetables. It serves as the precursor to sulforaphane. The conversion of glucoraphanin to sulforaphane is crucial for the compound’s bioactivity and health benefits.

Function of Myrosinase Enzyme in Converting Glucoraphanin to Sulforaphane

Myrosinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucoraphanin, leading to the formation of sulforaphane. This enzymatic reaction occurs in the digestive tract when glucoraphanin interacts with myrosinase, either from the broccoli or produced in the gut. The activity of myrosinase is essential for producing bioactive sulforaphane.

Factors Influencing Myrosinase Activity

The activity of myrosinase can be significantly affected by food preparation methods. Cooking methods such as boiling or prolonged heat exposure can inactivate myrosinase, reducing its effectiveness in converting glucoraphanin to sulforaphane. To preserve myrosinase activity, it is recommended to consume raw or lightly steamed cruciferous vegetables.

Health Benefits of Broccoli Seed Extract

General Wellness and Antioxidant Support

Antioxidants are compounds that neutralize free radicals—unstable molecules that can cause oxidative damage to cells and tissues. By mitigating oxidative stress, antioxidants play a crucial role in maintaining cellular health and preventing chronic diseases. They work by donating electrons to free radicals, thereby stabilizing them and preventing cellular damage.

How Sulforaphane Supports your Detoxification Pathways

Sulforaphane supports the body's detoxification processes through several mechanisms:

• Activation of Detoxification Enzymes: Sulforaphane activates Phase II detoxification enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. These enzymes are involved in the conjugation and elimination of toxins from the body. By enhancing their activity, sulforaphane promotes the efficient detoxification of harmful substances.
• Modulation of Detoxification Pathways: Sulforaphane influences key signaling pathways involved in detoxification, including the Nrf2 pathway. Activation of Nrf2 leads to the upregulation of various antioxidant and detoxification enzymes, improving the body’s ability to manage and eliminate toxins.
• Reduction of Oxidative Stress: By reducing oxidative stress and supporting detoxification processes, sulforaphane helps mitigate the potential damage caused by environmental toxins and metabolic byproducts.

Choosing a Quality Broccoli Seed Extract Supplement

• Potency: When selecting a broccoli seed extract supplement, potency is a crucial factor. Look for products that specify the concentration of active compounds, particularly sulforaphane and glucoraphanin. High-quality supplements will provide detailed information about the amounts of these key ingredients and their bioavailability. For example, supplements containing stabilized sulforaphane or high levels of glucoraphanin combined with myrosinase are often more effective.
• Purity: Purity refers to the absence of contaminants and fillers in the supplement. Choose products that are free from artificial additives, preservatives, and allergens. Ensure that the supplement contains a high percentage of the active ingredient and minimal amounts of inactive components. Purity can be verified through product testing and certifications.
• Third-Party Testing: Third-party testing is a vital assurance of a supplement’s quality and safety. Look for products that have been tested by independent laboratories for potency, purity, and contamination. Certifications from organizations like NSF International, US Pharmacopeia (USP), or ConsumerLab indicate that the product meets high standards.
• Sourcing: The sourcing of raw materials plays a significant role in the quality of the supplement. Opt for products made from broccoli seeds that are grown in controlled environments with minimal use of pesticides and other chemicals. Transparency about sourcing and manufacturing practices is a positive indicator of a reputable brand.

Understanding Product Labels and Ingredient Lists

Product labels should provide clear information about the supplement’s active ingredients, including their concentration and form. Be wary of labels that use vague terms or lack specific details about the amount of sulforaphane or glucoraphanin.

Examine the ingredient list for additional components and fillers. High-quality supplements will list the main active ingredients prominently, with minimal additional substances. Avoid products with long lists of artificial ingredients or proprietary blends that do not disclose exact amounts.

Misleading Claims and Shady Marketing Practices

The supplement industry is rife with misleading claims and marketing tactics designed to confuse consumers. Common deceptive practices include:

• Misleading Ingredient Labels: Some products may claim to contain sulforaphane while only including glucoraphanin, which is not the active form of the compound. Labels that use terms like “sulforaphane glucosinolate” without specifying the actual sulforaphane content can be misleading.
• False Potency Claims: Claims of extremely high potency without scientific backing can be deceptive. Supplements might advertise exaggerated amounts of active ingredients without providing evidence of their effectiveness or bioavailability.
• Unsubstantiated Health Claims: Some products may make broad or exaggerated health claims without credible scientific evidence to support them. Be cautious of products that promise dramatic health benefits without peer-reviewed research backing these claims.

A fitting analogy for understanding misleading supplement claims is the practice of feeding a cow a minimal amount of grass alongside a grain diet and labeling the beef as “grass-fed.” Just as this practice misrepresents the cow’s diet, supplement labels that highlight minimal amounts of active ingredients or use misleading terms can falsely represent the product’s quality and effectiveness.

How to Incorporate Broccoli Seed Extract into Your Routine

Dosage and Forms of Broccoli Seed Extract

• Capsules: Broccoli seed extract is commonly available in capsule form. This method offers convenience and precise dosing. Capsules can be easy to incorporate into daily routines, with standardized doses of active ingredients. They are also portable and require no preparation. It’s important to select capsules from reputable brands that provide clear labeling of the active ingredient content.
• Powders: Powders provide versatility in usage, allowing for customization in dosage and blending with other foods or beverages. Broccoli seed extract powder can be mixed into smoothies, juices, or other recipes. Powders may also offer a higher concentration of active ingredients compared to capsules, but they require careful measurement to ensure accurate dosing.
• Liquids: Liquid extracts can be absorbed more quickly by the body compared to solid forms. They are often available as tinctures or concentrated solutions. Liquids allow for flexible dosing and can be added to water or other beverages. However, they may have a more potent taste, which some individuals might find less palatable.

Recommended Dosages and How to Adjust Based on Individual Needs

• General Dosage Guidelines: Dosage recommendations for broccoli seed extract can vary based on the form of the supplement and individual health needs. A typical dosage for capsules or powder might range from 200 mg to 500 mg of extract per day. It’s crucial to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations and consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice.
• Adjusting Dosage: Dosage adjustments should be made based on factors such as age, health condition, and individual response. For those new to broccoli seed extract, starting with a lower dose and gradually increasing it can help assess tolerance and effectiveness. Individuals with specific health concerns or conditions should seek guidance from a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dosage.

When and How to Take Broccoli Seed Extract

• Timing: Broccoli seed extract can generally be taken at any time of day. Some people prefer to take it in the morning to align with their supplement routine, while others may choose to take it with meals. Consistency in timing can help with maintaining a routine and ensuring regular intake.
• Methods of Consumption: For capsules, take them with a full glass of water, preferably with a meal to enhance absorption and reduce potential gastrointestinal discomfort. Powders should be mixed thoroughly with a beverage or food to ensure even distribution of the active ingredients. Liquids should be measured accurately and mixed with water or juice. Taking broccoli seed extract with meals can enhance its absorption, particularly for fat-soluble compounds. Consuming it with a meal that contains healthy fats may help improve the bioavailability of the active ingredients.

Possible Side Effects and Interactions with Medications

Common side effects of broccoli seed extract may include gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, gas, or mild stomach discomfort. These effects are typically mild and may resolve with continued use or by adjusting the dosage.

Broccoli seed extract may not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions or those who are pregnant or breastfeeding. People with thyroid conditions, particularly those on medication for thyroid issues, should consult with their healthcare provider as high doses of broccoli extract might affect thyroid function due to its goitrogenic properties.

Natural Remedies and Complementary Supplements

Other Supplements that May Complement Broccoli Seed Extract

• Other Antioxidants: Supplements like Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Coenzyme Q10 are powerful antioxidants that can work synergistically with broccoli seed extract to combat oxidative stress. Vitamin C enhances the body’s antioxidant defense system, while Vitamin E protects cell membranes from oxidative damage. Coenzyme Q10 supports mitochondrial function and energy production, further enhancing cellular health.
• Probiotics: Probiotics support gut health by maintaining a healthy balance of gut bacteria. This is particularly beneficial when taking broccoli seed extract, as a healthy gut microbiome can aid in the conversion of glucoraphanin to sulforaphane. Strains like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium have been shown to improve gut health and support the digestive process.
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Found in fish oil or flaxseed oil, omega-3 fatty acids support a healthy inflammatory response and cardiovascular health. They can complement sulforaphane, providing a holistic approach to improving wellness.
• Curcumin: Curcumin, the active compound in turmeric, has potent antioxidant properties. When combined with broccoli seed extract, it can enhance the body’s ability to manage inflammation and oxidative stress.
• Glutathione: Glutathione is a critical antioxidant that supports detoxification and cellular health. Supplementing with glutathione or its precursors (such as N-acetylcysteine) can complement the detoxifying effects of sulforaphane, providing a robust defense against toxins and free radicals.

Lifestyle Factors Supporting Supplementation

• Balanced Diet: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats provides essential nutrients that support overall health. Consuming a variety of foods ensures adequate intake of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, which can work synergistically with supplements like broccoli seed extract. For example, a diet high in cruciferous vegetables can provide additional glucoraphanin, enhancing the effects of supplementation.
• Regular Exercise: Exercise promotes overall health by improving cardiovascular function, enhancing metabolic processes, and supporting mental well-being. Regular physical activity can also enhance the body’s ability to utilize nutrients from supplements. Exercise-induced oxidative stress can be mitigated by antioxidants like sulforaphane, making regular exercise and supplementation a powerful combination.
• Stress Management: Chronic stress can negatively impact health by increasing oxidative stress and inflammation. Effective stress management techniques, such as mindfulness, meditation, and adequate sleep, can support the body’s natural healing processes. Stress management can enhance the effectiveness of supplements by reducing the burden of oxidative stress and supporting overall health.

• Sleep and Recovery: Adequate sleep is crucial for recovery and overall health. Good sleep hygiene supports the body’s natural detoxification processes and cellular repair mechanisms. Incorporating broccoli seed extract as part of a nightly routine can support these processes, providing antioxidant protection during rest and recovery.

Choosing and incorporating high-quality broccoli seed extract products into your lifestyle can significantly enhance your overall health and well-being.

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OncoProtect ES™ combines scientific precision with natural efficacy. Why choose OncoProtect ES™? Because you deserve a supplement that delivers powerful support with complete transparency.

Here’s why OncoProtect ES™ is your ideal choice:

1. Unmatched Potency:

Our capsules deliver an impressive 706 mg of patented Activated BroccoRaphanin Plus®, yielding 51 mg of Glucoraphanin and 35 mg of Myrosinase. This combination converts to 16 mg of active-form Sulforaphane, making OncoProtect ES™ one of the most potent Sulforaphane supplements on the market.

2. Total Transparency:

At OncoProtect, we believe in complete transparency. We provide exact amounts of each active ingredient, so you know precisely what you're getting. No misleading labels, no hidden ingredients—just pure, potent nutrition designed to support your health.

3. Clinically Proven Ingredients:

Our Glucoraphanin is sourced from broccoli seeds through a patented extraction process, ensuring a high bioavailability of Sulforaphane. Supported by over 500 journal publications, Sulforaphane is shown to play a vital role in supporting detoxification enzymes and cellular health.

4. Comprehensive Health Support:

By combining Glucoraphanin with naturally occurring Myrosinase, we ensure that each dose is maximized for effectiveness. This powerful formula supports your body’s natural detoxification processes and promotes optimal cellular function.

5. Pure and Clean:

OncoProtect ES™ is formulated to exclude common allergens like wheat, gluten, yeast, soy, and animal products. Manufactured in the USA in an FDA-inspected, GMP-certified facility, our product meets the highest standards of quality and purity.

References

Clarke, J. D., Dashwood, R. H., & Ho, E. (). Multi-targeted prevention of cancer by sulforaphane. Cancer Letters, 269(2), 291-304.

Yagishita, Y., Fahey, J. W., Dinkova-Kostova, A. T., & Kensler, T. W. (). Broccoli or Sulforaphane: Is It the Source or Dose That Matters? Molecules, 24(19), .

Traka, M. H., & Mithen, R. F. (). Glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and human health. Phytochemistry Reviews, 8(1), 269-282.

Zhang, Y., & Tang, L. (). Discovery and development of sulforaphane as a cancer chemopreventive phytochemical. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 28(9), -.

Wagner, A. E., Terschluesen, A. M., & Rimbach, G. (). Health promoting effects of brassica-derived phytochemicals: From chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory activities to epigenetic regulation. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, , Article ID .

Cramer, J. M., Teran-Garcia, M., & Jeffery, E. H. (). Enhancing sulforaphane absorption and excretion in healthy men through the combined consumption of fresh broccoli sprouts and a glucoraphanin-rich powder. British Journal of Nutrition, 107(9), -.

Egner, P. A., Chen, J. G., Wang, J. B., Wu, Y., Sun, Y., Lu, J. H., ... & Kensler, T. W. (). Bioavailability of sulforaphane from two broccoli sprout beverages: Results of a short-term, cross-over clinical trial in Qidong, China. Cancer Prevention Research, 4(3), 384-395.